Rainbow Pride Flag
Rainbow Pride Flag ·
The six-stripe rainbow flag, the most widely recognized Pride flag, standardized around the 1979 San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade. Turquoise was dropped and indigo became royal blue for a practical reason: Market Street's double-barred lampposts needed an even number of stripes to hang either side of the pole. Baker worked the 1979 revision with Ken Hughes. The "International Congress of Flag Makers" often credited with approving the change never existed.
Key facts
- Designer
- Gilbert Baker
- Created
- First documented public use
- In use
- 1979–present
- Aspect Ratio
- 3:5
- Stripes
- 6
- Origin
- San Francisco, California, United States
- Represented Identity
- LGBTQ+ community
Also known as
- Six-Stripe Rainbow Flag
- Traditional Rainbow Flag
- Standard Rainbow Flag
- Commercial Rainbow Flag
- Rainbow Flag
- Pride Flag
- Gay Pride Flag
- LGBTQ Pride Flag
- Rainbow Pride Flag
Status Canonical Variant
Archive categories Rainbow Pride Flags · Historical and Early Pride Flags
Overview
The six-stripe form resulted from manufacturing and display constraints rather than a change of meaning. Hot pink fabric was not commercially available, and hanging the flag from Market Street lampposts required an even number of stripes. [1] [2] [3]
Demand for the rainbow flag rose sharply after the assassination of Harvey Milk in November 1978. [3] Baker had gone to work at the Paramount Flag Company, where he would remain for years, producing flags for the mayoral inauguration, state receptions and the 1984 Democratic National Convention; the vexillologist James Ferrigan, who later documented the flag's early history, was also on staff. [4] [5]
Hot pink fabric was not commercially available, and the stripe was dropped for mass production. [1] [3] For the Gay Freedom Day Parade of June 24, 1979 (themed 'Our Time has Come,' attendance about 200,000) [6], organizers planned to hang the flag vertically from Market Street lampposts, which required an even number of stripes to divide evenly on either side of the poles' double bars. Baker and Paramount vice president Ken Hughes dropped turquoise and replaced indigo with royal blue, leaving six. [3] [5] An SF Weekly account preserved by Flags of the World records that the stock fabrics shifted the remaining colors as well: 'Old Glory Red was replaced with Canadian Red, and Emerald Green simply became Bright Green.' [5]
Identity & Context
- Represented Identity
- LGBTQ+ community
- Movement
- LGBTQ Pride Movement
- Diaspora Context
- Global use
Now widely used worldwide as a general pride emblem.
Creators
The Creator
Gilbert Baker
Designer

Gilbert Baker (June 2, 1951, Chanute, Kansas, to March 31, 2017, New York City) was an American artist and gay rights activist. After serving in the U.S. Army, Baker taught himself to sew and began making banners for gay rights marches. He created the original eight-stripe rainbow flag in 1978 with Lynn Segerblom, James McNamara, and a team of volunteers for the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade. Baker served as a self-described 'Gay Betsy Ross' for the rest of his life, remaining an advocate for the rainbow flag as a universal symbol of LGBTQ+ pride. He lived in New York City for his final years and died on March 31, 2017, at age 65. [4]
A flag translates into everything, from tacky souvenirs to the names of organizations and the way that flags function. (2008 KU oral history) [8]
I knew instantly when I saw the reaction that it was going to be something. I didn't know what or how or — but I knew. (2008 KU oral history) [8]
I don't have a patent or a copyright, so all those dollars slid away. But it belongs to everybody. (2008 KU oral history) [8]
Attribution
- Organization
- Paramount Flag Company
Origin
- Country
- United States
- Region / state
- California
- City
- San Francisco
- Place Type
- parade/display standardization
Created in San Francisco, California, on the unceded ancestral homeland of the Ramaytush Ohlone people. [9][10]
Indigenous land context
Ramaytush Ohlone — unceded ancestral homeland (Indigenous name: Ramaytush). The Ramaytush Ohlone are the original peoples of Yelamu, the San Francisco Peninsula. [11] [12] The area now comprising the City and County of San Francisco was inhabited by the Yelamu, an independent tribe of the Ramaytush Ohlone peoples. [13] Before the Spanish arrived in 1769 the Ramaytush Ohlone numbered roughly 1,500 to 2,000 people living in ten small tribal groups; by the end of the Mission Period only a few families had survived. [11] [12] The Association of Ramaytush Ohlone records that one lineage is known to have produced living descendants today, and the American Indian Cultural District documents four family lineages all descending from a single survivor of the colonization of San Francisco, named Leandra. Those descendants comprise the membership of the Ramaytush Tribe and the staff of the Association. [11] [12] The land was never ceded, and in the words adopted by San Francisco's own commissions, the Ramaytush Ohlone 'have never ceded, lost, nor forgotten their responsibilities as the caretakers of this place.' [14] [13] The Commission on the Environment states that the Ramaytush Ohlone 'are not a mythical population of the past, but an integral and active community in the present San Francisco Bay Area region.' [13] [9][10][11][14][13][12]
Colonial / settler context
The six-stripe standardization occurred on unceded Ramaytush Ohlone land. No treaty of cession exists for the San Francisco Peninsula. [10][11][14][13][12]
- Land status
- Unceded (no treaty of cession exists)
- Indigenous engagement
- None documented
- Continuing presence
- The Ramaytush Tribe and the Association of Ramaytush Ohlone are active in the region today: the Farming is Medicine initiative on 34 acres in San Gregorio, a National Park Service curriculum, youth and stewardship partnerships, land-return advocacy, and the campaign to rename half of Mission Dolores Park to Chutchui. The Tribe's own website went online in 2026, with membership applications opening that April. [11] [12]
The six-stripe version emerged from San Francisco Pride parade display needs. The reduction from eight to six stripes was driven by manufacturing constraints and parade logistics, not a deliberate redesign. [1] [3]
Dates & Chronology
- Year Created
- First public use
- Period in Use
- 1979–present
Standardized for the Gay Freedom Day Parade of June 24, 1979 [6], the six-stripe form became the version in general use. Baker called it the 'commercial version' and continued to regard the eight-stripe design as the original. [4]
In 1989 the flag drew national attention in the United States when John Stout sued his West Hollywood landlords for prohibiting him from flying it from his balcony, and won. [3]
For the 25th anniversary of Stonewall in 1994, Baker produced a mile-long six-color flag, thirty feet wide and weighing three and a half tons, sponsored by Stadtlanders pharmacy, which used it to promote its AIDS nutrition programs. [7] Roughly a thousand volunteers unfurled it up Manhattan's First Avenue on June 26, 1994 for the International March on the United Nations, where it stretched twenty-two blocks; the Guinness Book of Records confirmed it as the world's largest flag. [3] [15] Baker asked James McNamara, the fashion designer who had taught him to sew and who stitched the 1978 originals together, to help sew it. According to Paul Langlotz, McNamara worked on it briefly and then quit, hurt at having been written out of the history of the flags he had sewn sixteen years earlier; he died of AIDS-related illness in 1999, uncredited. [16]
The Giuliani administration had refused a permit for the traditional Fifth Avenue route, and a federal court upheld the denial; the sponsor, which technically owned the flag, forbade taking any of it to the 'illegal' Fifth Avenue march coming up from Stonewall. After the First Avenue unfurling, Baker cut sections from the flag with shears, and a handful of confederates smuggled them crosstown in garbage bags (one section went on rollerblades through the subway) and unfurled them on Fifth Avenue, where sixty people were carrying the rainbow overhead within a minute. Four sections reached the Fifth Avenue march and were carried up it into Central Park; one hangs at the Cherry Grove Community House on Fire Island. [15] Foot-wide sections of the main flag went to sponsors afterward, and larger sections traveled with activists to prides worldwide, one of which was carried at Shanghai Pride in 2014. [3]


On June 26, 2015, the White House was illuminated in the six colors to mark Obergefell v. Hodges (the Supreme Court decision legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide), and more than 26 million people overlaid the flag on their Facebook profile photos. [3][17] The emoji followed in 2016. [3]
In November 2015 Nelson Mandela Bay Pride flew a 12-by-8-meter rainbow flag from the Donkin Reserve flagpole in Port Elizabeth, the tallest in South Africa, for the two days of its Pride festival, describing it as the largest of its kind on a flagpole in Africa and possibly in the world. [18] The organizer Thomas Bekker: 'It's to raise awareness for the community, to know that we are here and we have rights.' [19] In 2018 Venice Pride in California flew the largest free-flying flag, produced by Baker, which afterwards traveled to Paris, London, Berlin, Vancouver, Sydney, Miami and Tokyo before ending at Stonewall 50 in New York. [3]
Some institutional sources list the ‘Gilbert Baker Pride Flag’ and the ‘Traditional rainbow Pride flag’ separately. [20] PrideFlags.org lists it as ‘Gay Pride Flag (1979).’ [21]
The six-stripe version (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet) became the international standard and the base from which national derivations were made. [1] [4] In South Africa, a hybrid of the six-stripe flag and the national flag was launched in Cape Town in 2010. Its designer, Eugene Brockman, said 'I truly believe we (the LGBT community) put the dazzle into our rainbow nation and this flag is a symbol of just that.' [3] In India, the Social Justice Pride Flag released at the 2018 Chennai Queer LitFest by gay activist Moulee retains the six stripes and incorporates black for the Self-Respect movement, blue for the Ambedkarite movement, and red for left politics. [3] In Poland, marchers at the 2018 Equality March in Częstochowa carried the national flag rendered in rainbow colors. They were reported to prosecutors for desecration of national symbols, and prosecutors found no crime. [3] Dozens more national-flag rainbow hybrids are documented, from Spain and Brazil to Japan and Morocco. [22]
The flag's spread has also been marked by suppression and legal conflict. Westminster ordered London gay businesses to take it down in 2004, then reversed the policy the next year. Activists declared the Coral Sea Islands a 'Gay and Lesbian Kingdom' under the flag in 2004 in protest of Australia's marriage ban, dissolving it when marriage equality arrived in 2017. Polish nationalists have burned it at Independence Day marches, and Saudi authorities have seized rainbow-colored goods as 'indirectly promoting homosexuality.' In 2023 Russia's Supreme Court designated the 'international LGBT movement' extremist, with the ruling classifying the rainbow flag as its symbol, and people have since been fined or jailed over rainbow-colored items. In the United States, a 2024 spending bill barred Pride flags from embassy flagpoles, and several states banned their display on public property. Missoula, Boise, and Salt Lake City responded by adopting Pride flags as official municipal flags, a loophole Idaho closed in 2026, after which Boise hung a Progress-striped banner on city hall reading 'Creating a city for everyone.' [3]
At the 2018 World Cup in Russia, six activists from six countries wore team jerseys in the six colors (Spain red, the Netherlands orange, Brazil yellow, Mexico green, Argentina blue, Colombia purple) and stood together so that their shirts formed the flag. Polish opposition politicians did the same with their outfits at the 2020 presidential swearing-in. [3] The University of Hawaii dropped its 'Rainbow Warriors' name and logo in 2000, its athletic director initially saying the change was to distance the program from homosexuality, before reinstating the name for all teams in 2013. [3]

Commercial use of the six stripes has its own critical vocabulary. Rainbow-washing, or pinkwashing in the older formulation, is the display of the flag during Pride season without sustained support for the people it represents. Companies that fly the flag where it is safe and profitable while withholding it where LGBTQ+ rights are restricted draw the sharpest version of this criticism. [3] No mechanism exists to prevent such use. Baker described the design as belonging to everyone and never asserted copyright or trademark over it, and no licensing body governs it, so no rights-holder can withhold it from any user. [8]
Corporate Pride sponsorship in the United States grew steeply after the 2015 marriage-equality ruling and contracted sharply in 2025, when some twenty-one national brands withdrew or reduced Pride support in a single season, among them Anheuser-Busch, Boeing, Booz Allen Hamilton, Comcast, Deloitte, Mastercard, Meta, Nissan, PepsiCo, Target and Walmart. [23] [24] San Francisco Pride lost five sponsors in one week, and New York's Heritage of Pride went from five top-tier donors to one. Anheuser-Busch declined to sponsor Pride in St. Louis, its home city, after more than thirty years. [25] [24] Companies mostly cited economic conditions, while organizers pointed to the January 2025 executive order directing federal agencies to investigate companies supporting diversity programs. [26] Some brands continued to donate on condition of not being listed, an arrangement organizers call 'silent partnership.' [25] [24]
Some Pride organizations refused sponsors as well. Twin Cities Pride declined $50,000 from Target, a sponsor of more than fifteen years, after the retailer rolled back its diversity commitments. Its executive director, Andi Otto, said 'It did not feel right for my community to accept that money,' and the group raised more than twice that amount from its community within a day. Cincinnati Pride rejected returning sponsors over their nondiscrimination policies, and San Francisco Pride ended its relationship with Meta. [26] [25] Community fundraising closed other gaps outright, including $150,000 in St. Louis and $125,000 at Stonewall Columbus. [25]
Polling in May 2025 found 68 percent of LGBTQ adults saying all or most corporations support Pride to further business interests, against 16 percent crediting a genuine desire to celebrate LGBTQ people, with respondents under thirty the most doubtful. [23] Eve Keller of USA Prides: 'Big sponsors supported Pride because they knew LGBTQ people had money in our wallets. They weren't making lasting change, they were just rainbow-washing their logos for the month of June. We had Pride before corporate sponsors paid us any attention.' [23] A 2021 rainbow-labeled Listerine bottle sold in Australia and New Zealand, pledging twenty cents per pack to two youth charities, divided commenters on r/lgbt. One set aside an intended 'rant about rainbow capitalism' after reading the donation terms, while another held that corporate normalization 'will never truly lead to queer liberation.' [27]
Lineage
- Evolved from
- Seven-Stripe Rainbow Flag (1978)
Derived from the 1978 Baker flag, reduced from eight stripes to six through the seven-stripe transitional version. The six-stripe flag became the global standard and is the base from which later variants such as the Progress and Philadelphia flags developed. [1] [3] Three international derivations follow directly from it: the South African gay pride flag (2010), the Social Justice Pride Flag (Chennai, 2018), and the rainbow Polish flag (2018), each documented so far by a single source. The Pace flag is not a descendant. International peace movements had flown rainbow flags since 1961, seventeen years before Baker's design. [3]
Lineage tree
Every record reachable from this one through documented parent and child relationships: 25 records across 7 generations.
- Ancestors -2
- Original Rainbow Flag (1978)
- Ancestor
- Seven-Stripe Rainbow Flag (1978)
- This record
- Rainbow Pride Flag
- Children
- Two-Spirit Pride Flag (2005, Zoccole), South African Gay Pride Flag, Philadelphia Pride Flag, Rainbow Polish Flag, Social Justice Pride Flag, Chicago Pride Flag (Rainbow Stripes, Purple Stars), PRIDE USA Flag, Straight Ally Pride Flag, Victory Over AIDS Flag (1980s, designer unknown)
- Generation 3
- Gay USA Pride Flag (Campbell), Two-Spirit Pride Flag (2Sanon), Progress Pride Flag, Chicago Pride Flag
Colors & Symbolism
Retains the rainbow-as-diversity symbolism of Baker's original without its explicit per-stripe system. The six colors are broadly read as life, healing, sunlight, nature, harmony or serenity, and spirit.
| Colour | Hex | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Red | #FF0018 | Life |
| Orange | #FFA52C | Healing |
| Yellow | #FFFF41 | Sunlight |
| Green | #008018 | Nature |
| Blue | #0000F9 | Serenity / Harmony |
| Violet | #86007D | Spirit |
Wikimedia Commons (pre-2023 community values) [22]
This flag has no official digital palette. Color values shown are approximate.
Sources differ on whether blue represents ‘serenity’ or ‘harmony,’ and some use purple instead of violet. [28] The meanings of the six remaining stripes are less consistently cited than Baker's original eight, and some sources omit per-stripe meanings entirely for this version.
No creator specification exists for this design's palette, and two digital sets are in circulation. The long-standing Wikimedia Commons community values (#FF0018 through #86007D) appear in the displayed reconstruction and in most reproductions since the 2000s. In April 2023 the Commons file itself was changed 'per specs published in 2021' to a different set (#E50000, #FF8D00, #FFEE00, #028121, #004CFF, #770088). [22] That 2021 specification remains unidentified, and it is not the Gilbert Baker Foundation's, whose Pantone-derived values match it on no shared stripe. [29] The Foundation values specify the eight-color flag, where red, orange, yellow, green and violet have counterparts but the six-stripe blue, which replaced both turquoise and indigo, has none. The displayed reconstruction uses the community values. The 2021 specification behind the 2023 Commons change has no identified source, so it does not replace them. An SF Weekly account records that red and green shifted to stock-fabric shades in 1979 production. [5]
Design
- Aspect Ratio
- 3:5
- Orientation
- horizontal
- Stripe Count
- 6
- Layout
- horizontal stripes
- Stripes (Top → Bottom)
- Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet
The displayed 3:5 ratio is a reconstruction convention drawn from standard vexillological practice, not a creator-issued specification. Commercial six-stripe flags are manufactured in many proportions, most commonly 2:3 and 3:5, and no single official ratio exists.
Six horizontal stripes of equal width, ordered top-to-bottom: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. No emblems or additional markings. Pink was removed earlier, and turquoise was dropped in the later standard form. [3] [1] Indigo was replaced with royal blue. [2]
Digital Renderings
- Character
- 🏳️🌈
- Unicode name
- Rainbow Flag
- Codepoints
- U+1F3F3 U+FE0F U+200D U+1F308
- Unicode version
- Emoji 4.0
- Year added
- Type
- ZWJ sequence
🏳️🌈 has no Unicode codepoint of its own. It is a ZWJ sequence (WAVING WHITE FLAG, variation selector, zero-width joiner, RAINBOW) fused at render time, and on fonts without the join it separates into two glyphs. The sequence was proposed in July 2016 and released that November in Emoji 4.0. [3]
Platform renderings




Usage & Adoption
- First Users
- San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade (1979)
- Geographic Usage
- Worldwide
- Online Usage
- Widespread
- Event Usage
- Pride events worldwide
- Current Status
- widespread
The six-stripe rainbow flag is the most widely recognized LGBTQ+ symbol in the world. It is flown at Pride events on every continent, displayed on government buildings, used commercially on products, and included in emoji sets as the rainbow flag.
Image Archive
The Flag in the World







Marriage Equality, June 2015


Institutional Recognition


Performance & Popular Culture

Commerce & Rainbow-Washing


Crosswalks

The Designer

Discourse & Debates
- The six-stripe flag's representational inclusivity has been debated, and later variants responded to those debates.
- Scholars describe the flag as a 'floating signifier' whose meaning is supplied by its beholders, uniting queer communities transnationally while carrying different and sometimes conflicting agendas. A 2016 Swedish-Danish postal stamp and displays on government buildings across Europe and the Americas mark its institutional adoption, which some critics read as Eurocentric or de-radicalizing. [3]
Common misidentifications
- Often mistaken for the original Baker design, which had eight stripes rather than six
- The 'International Congress of Flag Makers' sometimes said to have recognized the flag never existed. Vexillologist James Ferrigan documents the phrase as Baker's conflation, in a 1987 interview, of FIAV with that year's San Francisco Flag Congress, where Ferrigan's paper on the flag's evolution was presented. [5] The phrase circulated on community reference sites: the Rainbow Icon Archive stated circa 2001 that the flag 'is even officially recognized by the International Congress of Flag Makers.' [40]
- Several photographs in the Wikimedia Commons category 'Obergefell v. Hodges celebration at the Supreme Court' were taken before the decision was announced. Elvert Barnes's photograph of a lone demonstrator is dated June 25, 2015, the day before the ruling. [35] Ted Eytan's is timed by its EXIF metadata to 8:27 a.m. on June 26, about ninety minutes before the opinion was handed down, under the title 'Supreme Court of the United States ends marriage discrimination.' [36] Both photographs therefore document anticipation of the ruling rather than its celebration.
- A 12-by-8-meter rainbow flag flew from the Donkin Reserve flagpole for two days, on November 27 and 28, 2015, during the city's annual Pride festival. It was not the permanent installation, flying since 2014, that some accounts describe, and it was presented as the largest flown from a flagpole in Africa, and possibly the world, not the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. [18] Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism called it the fifth annual festival and dated the flying to November 2015, while Algoa FM called it the fourth and carried a February 2016 date stamp. The organizer's dated announcement supports the 2015 date. [18] [19] The 60-meter mast, South Africa's tallest, was built in 2009 for the 2010 World Cup precinct and commemorates Nelson Mandela's sixty-seven years in politics. It ordinarily carries a national flag of the same dimensions, maintained at about R200,000 a year. The Pride flag matched those dimensions but flew for two days. [33]
Common confusions
- Original eight-stripe versus traditional six-stripe
Criticisms
- Criticized by some as insufficiently inclusive of specific identities within the LGBTQ+ spectrum, leading to the Philadelphia, Progress, and other variants [3]
- Corporate use of the flag in short-term Pride marketing without sustained support, called 'rainbow-washing' or 'pinkwashing,' is a standing criticism. It is directed most sharply at companies that display the flag in some markets while avoiding it where LGBTQ+ rights are restricted, and at the broad retreat from Pride campaigns among US companies in 2025 under political pressure. [3]
Footnotes & Citations
Sources and footnotes 44 sources
Databases
- 21. Gay Pride Flag (1979). PrideFlags.org. Accessed 2026-03-08 [no stable URL]
- 1. Rainbow Pride Flag. Library.LGBT (2021-06-11). Accessed 2026-07-26 · Archived version
An archived capture; the site went offline in July 2026. Published by Albany Pride, Western Australia; it names no author and cites no sources.
- 28. Six-color LGBTQ pride flag. Wikidata. Accessed 2026-03-08 [no stable URL]
- 22. File:Gay Pride Flag.svg. Guanaco and subsequent editors. Wikimedia Commons. Accessed 2026-07-25
The Wikimedia Commons file the six-stripe reconstruction derives from. Its fills were changed in April 2023; the values recorded here are the file’s earlier community values, which most reproductions since the 2000s use.
Organizations
- 20. Pride Flags. Human Rights Campaign. Accessed 2026-03-08
The page has since gone offline and no archived capture has been located, so the claims it carried here are corroborated elsewhere or stated as unverified.
- 29. Colors of the Rainbow Flag / Rainbow Flag: Color Meanings. Gilbert Baker Foundation. gilbertbaker.com. Accessed 2026-07-26
The Gilbert Baker Foundation’s published colour page. Two of its eight rows give RGB and HEX values that do not match each other; this entry records both as published.
- 12. Ramaytush Ohlone Land Acknowledgment. American Indian Cultural District (with AICD board member Gregg Castro, Ramaytush Ohlone). American Indian Cultural District, San Francisco. Accessed 2026-07-26
- 18. Nelson Mandela Bay Pride Flag. Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism. Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism (2015-11-25). Accessed 2026-07-26
Articles & Reports
- Pride Flags and What They Mean. Outright International. Accessed 2026-03-08
- 2. Pride Flag Guide. University of Colorado Boulder. Accessed 2026-03-08
- 17. Gilbert Baker, Gay Activist Who Created the Rainbow Flag, Dies at 65. Matthew Haag. The New York Times (2017-03-31). Accessed 2026-07-25
- 7. Stonewall, ACT UP, Pride Marches and a Mile-Long Rainbow Flag!. Trent Straube. POZ (2019-06-27). Accessed 2026-07-25
- 15. The Mile-Long Rainbow Flag. Warren Boyd Wexler. Fire Island News (2023-06-09). Accessed 2026-07-25
Encyclopedias & Reference
- 3. Rainbow flag (LGBTQ). Wikipedia. Accessed 2026-07-24
- 6. San Francisco Pride. Wikipedia. Accessed 2026-07-25
Academic
- 9. UCSF Land Acknowledgment. University of California, San Francisco. Accessed 2026-03-30
- 10. Ohlone Land. University of California, Berkeley, Centers for Educational Justice and Community Engagement. Accessed 2026-03-30
- 4. Gilbert Baker (artist). Wikipedia. Accessed 2026-07-24
- Rainbow flag (LGBTQ). Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia (2026-06-01). Accessed 2026-07-24
- File:Spbpride2014 - 2.jpg. Alek Naza. Wikimedia Commons (2014-07-26). Accessed 2026-07-30
Community
- 5. History of the Gay Pride / Rainbow Flag. Flags of the World contributors (Steve Kramer, Jim Ferrigan, Christopher Pinette, Tomislav Todorović, et al.). Flags of the World (FOTW) / CRW Flags (last modified 2025-01-11). Accessed 2026-07-25
- 27. A rare sight for a business to support LGBTQ people after pride month. u/NielleHasIt (r/lgbt). Reddit (2021-07). Accessed 2026-07-25
- 40. Gay Symbols — Rainbow Pride and Related Symbols (the Rainbow Icon Archive). Jase Wells. jasewells.com (Rainbow Icon Archive) (quoted by FOTW August 2001; capture read circa 2007). Accessed 2026-07-26 · Archived version
Oral history
- 8. Gilbert Baker Oral History (Under the Rainbow: Oral Histories of GLBTIQ People in Kansas). Gilbert Baker, interviewed by Tami Albin. University of Kansas Libraries / KU ScholarWorks (2008-06-19). Accessed 2026-07-25
A nineteen-page transcript of an interview conducted on 19 June 2008 by Tami Albin, for Under the Rainbow: Oral Histories of GLBTIQ People in Kansas. Baker in his own words.
- 16. Rainbow Flag. August Bernadicou (ed.). LGBTQ History Project (2024-06-10 (updated 2025-02-17)). Accessed 2026-07-25
An oral history assembling several participants’ accounts, which conflict with one another and with Baker’s memoir on the 1978 flags’ fate. The page was updated in 2025.
Retail listing
- 39. Kamala Harris Gay Pride Flag Jacket (image attachment page). USA Jacket. usajacket.com (2021-01-22). Accessed 2026-07-26
Image file page
- 38. File:Lady Gaga with Rainbow Flag - Tacoma, WA (36261716351).jpg. evil robot 6 (Portland, OR); file page compiled by Wikimedia Commons contributors. Wikimedia Commons (2017-08-05). Accessed 2026-07-26
- File:(Running of the Interns at the U.S. Supreme Court on Marriage Equality Day) - DPLA - 48e59367a209f750c91d683f47f3b764.jpg. Dreanna L. Belden; contributed by University of North Texas Libraries via the Digital Public Library of America. Wikimedia Commons / The Portal to Texas History (2015-06-26). Accessed 2026-07-26 · Archived version
- 35. File:10a.SupremeCourt.WDC.25June2015 (18536970404).jpg. Elvert Barnes. Wikimedia Commons (2015-06-25). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 36. File:SCOTUS Marriage Equality 2015 58049 (19013281988).jpg. Ted Eytan. Wikimedia Commons (2015-06-26). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 37. File:Prime Minister Trudeau delivers remarks at the Flag Raising Ceremony for Pride Month.webm. Justin Trudeau – Prime Minister of Canada. Wikimedia Commons (imported from YouTube) (2018-06-20). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 34. File:CDMX Pride 2019 16.jpg. Omar David Sandoval Sida. Wikimedia Commons (2019-06-29). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 31. File:São Paulo LGBT Pride Parade 2014 (14108541924).jpg. Ben Tavener (Curitiba, Brazil). Wikimedia Commons (2014-05-04). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 30. File:VancouerPride2014Flag.jpg. Jeremy Chisholm (uploaded by VPSJHaney). Wikimedia Commons (2015-12-12). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 32. File:Donkin Reserve Giant Flagpole.jpg. Ossewa (uploader, own work); EXIF names I. Grewar as author. Wikimedia Commons (2015-04-06). Accessed 2026-07-26
Tribal nation
- 11. The Ramaytush Ohlone — Original Peoples of the San Francisco Peninsula. Association of Ramaytush Ohlone. Association of Ramaytush Ohlone. Accessed 2026-07-26
Government
- 14. Ramaytush Ohlone Land Acknowledgment (Resolution 2021-01). San Francisco Public Library Commission. San Francisco Public Library (2021-04-15). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 13. Resolution on Ramaytush Ohlone Land Acknowledgement. San Francisco Commission on the Environment. San Francisco Environment Department (2021-02-01). Accessed 2026-07-26
News
- 19. Nelson Mandela Bay Pride PE unveil biggest Rainbow Flag in Africa. Algoa FM (Admin Author). Algoa FM (stated as 2016-02-01; see notes). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 33. PICS | SA's tallest existing flag costs R200 000 a year to maintain. Malibongwe Dayimani. News24 (2022-05-21). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 26. Corporate sponsors are backing away from LGBTQ+ Pride organizations. Russell Leung. CNBC (2025-04-27). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 25. These 14 corporations have stopped or scaled back sponsorship of LGBTQ+ Pride events. Ryan Adamczeski. The Advocate (2025-06-02). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 23. Pride Month 2025 Organizers Face Uncertain Future As Some Corporate Sponsors Pull Back. Pamela N. Danziger. Forbes (2025-06-02). Accessed 2026-07-26
- 24. 2025 Pride celebrations go ahead despite corporate exodus. But organizers say it won't be easy.. Emily Mae Czachor. CBS News (2025-06-06). Accessed 2026-07-26
Image Sources
- Rendering
- traditional rainbow pride flag
- The standard six-stripe rainbow pride flag in widespread use since 1979. · Credit: Wikimedia Commons contributors · Wikimedia Commons · reconstruction
- A giant rainbow flag carried along the waterfront at the Vancouver Pride Parade, 2014. [30] · Credit: Jeremy Chisholm / VPSJHaney, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- An oversized rainbow flag carried down Avenida Paulista at São Paulo's eighteenth annual LGBT Pride Parade, May 4, 2014. [31] · Credit: Ben Tavener, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- The 60-meter Donkin Reserve flagpole in Port Elizabeth, South Africa's tallest, photographed April 6, 2015 with the national flag flying. [32] Nelson Mandela Bay Pride flew a 12-by-8-meter rainbow flag from this mast that November. [18] This flagpole photograph is freely licensed. The photographs of the Pride flag itself are rights-reserved press images, one of which appears in News24's report on the flagpole. [33] · Credit: Ossewa / I. Grewar, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- A lone demonstrator outside the U.S. Supreme Court, June 25, 2015, the day before the Obergefell ruling, with the outcome still unknown. [35] · Credit: Elvert Barnes, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- The White House lit in the flag's six colors on the evening of June 26, 2015, the day of the Obergefell v. Hodges ruling. [3] · Credit: White House photograph — work of the Executive Office of the President, public domain · Wikimedia Commons
- The Supreme Court plaza at 8:27 on the morning of June 26, 2015, an hour and a half before the Obergefell opinion came down. The demonstrator appears to be the same man photographed alone the previous afternoon. [36] · Credit: Ted Eytan, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- Lady Gaga raises a rainbow flag at the Tacoma Dome, August 5, 2017, on the Joanne World Tour. Bunched in her hand, its stripe count cannot be read. [38] · Credit: evil robot 6, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- The rainbow flag and the transgender flag raised together on Parliament Hill, Ottawa, June 20, 2018, with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau at the mast. Still frame from the ceremony video. [37] · Credit: Justin Trudeau – Prime Minister of Canada, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons — still frame extracted from the source video · Wikimedia Commons
- Mexico City Pride, June 29, 2019. [34] · Credit: Omar David Sandoval Sida, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons
- Kamala Harris in a sequined six-stripe jacket, in the photograph a replica retailer used to sell a 'Kamala Harris Gay Pride Flag Jacket' two days after her 2021 inauguration as Vice President. The jacket is widely associated with San Francisco Pride 2019, though the listing does not say so. [39] · Credit: Photographer unrecorded on the listing; via usajacket.com · USA Jacket (retail listing)
- A 2021 rainbow-labeled Listerine bottle sold in Australian and New Zealand supermarkets, pledging twenty cents per pack to Wear It Purple and RainbowYOUTH. [27] · Credit: u/NielleHasIt, via r/lgbt · Reddit
- Rainbow crosswalk on Karmarschstraße, Hannover, September 2024, one of many permanent street installations of the design. [3] · Credit: Foto: Axel Hindemith / Lizenz: Creative Commons CC-by-sa-3.0 de · Wikimedia Commons
- The permanent six-stripe flag at Harvey Milk Plaza, above the Castro Muni entrance in San Francisco, February 18, 2026. · Credit: Pi.1415926535, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons · Wikimedia Commons (Category: Harvey Milk Plaza)
- Six-stripe rainbow flags carried with bisexual and transgender flags at a public action during the Fifth Saint Petersburg Pride, at the Field of Mars, 26 July 2014. · Credit: Alek Naza, CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
- Gilbert Baker with a giant six-stripe flag and its volunteer handlers. · Credit: Courtesy of Maxwell Photography · POZ
- A giant six-stripe flag carried overhead at a pride march, seen from underneath. · Credit: Mercedes Mehling, via Unsplash · Unsplash (@mrs80z)